<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6774483871124600788</id><updated>2011-08-02T20:37:00.089-07:00</updated><category term='Makanan Halal'/><category term='Fiqh'/><category term='Tips'/><category term='Fiqh ibadat solat'/><category term='niat'/><title type='text'>Ikatan Aqidah Islamiyyah di Jerman... Berkasih Sayang kerana Allah</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Jalinan Persaudaraan Di German</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09989955500873394151</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>7</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6774483871124600788.post-9003284456131816481</id><published>2009-07-20T06:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-20T06:27:05.043-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Makanan Halal'/><title type='text'>Bagi makanan haram pada orang kafir</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;color:black;"  &gt;Soalan:&lt;br /&gt;Assalamualaikum Ustaz dan Brüder,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bismillah,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tadi ana berborak dgn housemate.Dia kata tak boleh hadiahkan or bagi makanan yg haram kpd org kafir...betul ke?&lt;br /&gt;Ini kerana,last week ana wat jamuan kecil sempena hari terakhir practical semester di company jerman tu.so,ana beli pizza yg ada pork (if x silap ana,coz nak cpat hr tu..so main beli je..jgn silap paham ye,ana beli utk depa n ana x mkn =) ).so,cm ne ye..betul ke apa yg kawan ana tu bgtahu?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;wallahu'alam. wassalam&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:100%;"  lang="DE"&gt;Jawapan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:100%;"  lang="DE"&gt;Waalaikumussalam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:100%;"  lang="DE"&gt;Kita nak beri makan kepada sesiapapun mestilah dari yang halal walaupun orang yang kita nak beri makan adalah di kalangan orang kafir. Kalau kita beri makan yang haram, seolah olah kita redha orang lain makan makanan yang haram dari wang kita. Kita akan dipersoalkan di akhirat ke atas setiap sen wang yang kita belanjakan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:100%;"  lang="DE"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:100%;"  lang="DE"&gt;Wallahu a’lam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:100%;"  lang="DE"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:100%;"  lang="DE"&gt;Wassalam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:11;"  lang="DE"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;-Abu Ahmad-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6774483871124600788-9003284456131816481?l=ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/feeds/9003284456131816481/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/2009/07/bagi-makanan-haram-pada-orang-kafir.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default/9003284456131816481'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default/9003284456131816481'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/2009/07/bagi-makanan-haram-pada-orang-kafir.html' title='Bagi makanan haram pada orang kafir'/><author><name>Jalinan Persaudaraan Di German</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09989955500873394151</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6774483871124600788.post-8198219187987448609</id><published>2009-07-18T07:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-18T07:39:32.103-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Makanan Halal'/><title type='text'>Syubhah dalam Makanan</title><content type='html'>Oleh : Abu Ahmad&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Assalamualaikumâ€¦&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;Persoalan makanan sangat dititikberatkan dalam Islam kerana ianya akan menentukan bagaimana keadaan kehidupan sama  ada di dunia maupun di akhirat.  Kadang-kadang kita tertanya-tanya kenapa kita cepat pelupa, payah nak ingat, susah nak belajar atau kita rasa liat untuk beribadah.  Ini semua ada kaitan dengan pemakanan kita. &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Berdasarkan pemerhatian dan penelitian saya, terdapat 3 bahan utama yang dapat diketegorikan dalam perkara syubhah di Jerman iaitu:&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoListParagraph"&gt;&lt;o&gt; &lt;/o&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span&gt;i.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Food Additive yang tidak bernombor.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoListParagraph"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span&gt;ii.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;                   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Rennet &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoListParagraph"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span&gt;iii.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;                  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Whey product .&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o&gt; &lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;i. Food Additive yang tidak bernombor. (Emulgator)&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="DE"&gt;Jika bernombor mudah bagi kita mengenalnya. &lt;/span&gt;Masalahnya di Jerman, kebanyakkan produk makanan tidak diletakkan nombor bagi penggunaan food additive. Jadi dalam persoalan ini kita perlu berhati-hati apabila membeli bahan makanan dan minuman. Bacalah isi kandungan bahan makanan dengan berhati-hati. &lt;span lang="DE"&gt;Lebih-lebih lagi kebanyakannya ditulis dalam bahasa Jerman. Macam saya ni terkial-kial juga apabila membacanya. Kadang-kadang dalam berhati-hatipun  terkena juga. &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="DE"&gt;&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;Biasanya yang digunakan adalah emulgator. Jika ditulis &lt;b&gt;sojalecithin atau Mono- und Diglyceride von Pflanzliches &lt;/b&gt;, maka yang ini halal. Akan tetapi jika ditulis: &lt;b&gt;Mono- und Diglyceride von speisefettsÃ¤uren&lt;/b&gt; atau ditulis &lt;b&gt;lecithin&lt;/b&gt;, maka ini yang diketegorikan sebagai syubhah. Ini adalah kerana sumbernya mungkin daripada haiwan atau tumbuhan. Jika kita ingin maklumat lanjut, perlulah menghubungi dengan pihak pengeluar. &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="DE"&gt;Di sini saya ingin menegaskan, walaupun kadang-kadang dalam sesetengah isi kandungan bahan tertera cth: &lt;b&gt;emulgator (sojalecithin, Mono- Und Diglyceride von speisefettsÃ¤uren), &lt;/b&gt;kita akan terlepas pandang dan menyimpulkan ini halal kerana ianya dari soya tetapi kita tak baca selepas itu terutama dalam &lt;b&gt;aiskerim dan coklat&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="DE"&gt;Note: Jika terjumpa E472e, maka yang ini halal kerana ianya dari sumber tumbuhan.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="DE"&gt;Untuk makluman lanjut berkenaan   E, sila layari laman web berikut: &lt;a href="http://www.laleva.cc/"&gt;www.laleva.cc&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="DE"&gt;ii. Rennet&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="DE"&gt;Kepada sesiapa yang suka makan keju atau pizza segera, sila berhati-hati ketika membelinya. Ini adalah kerana bahan utama dalam pembuatan keju adalah rennet. Kebanyakkan rennet yang digunakan adalah diambil daripada perut haiwan terutama babi dan lembu.  &lt;/span&gt;Di sini masalahnya bagi kita menentukan mana yang halal dan mana haram. Jika kita hendak makan juga, perlu mencari cheese daripada tumbuh-tumbuhan atau ada cop halal. Jika cheese dari Turki saya tak pasti sama ada halal atau tidak rennet yang digunakan&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Jika kita perhatikan, orang Yahudi tidak menggunakan rennet dari babi atau lembu dalam pembuatan kosher, tetapi mereka menggunakan artificial rennet. Kalau orang Yahudipun berhati-hati dalam pemakanan mereka, kenapa kita tidak begitu rigid?&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;iii. Whey (molken)&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Whey merupakan masalah yang paling besar dalam pemilihan makanan di Jerman. Ini adalah kerana kebanyakan biskut, coklat, roti dan sebagainya menggunakan whey. Biasaya ditulis: &lt;b&gt;SÃ¼ssmolkenpulver&lt;/b&gt; (sweet whey powder) atau &lt;b&gt;molkenerzeugnis&lt;/b&gt; (whey products).  Saya sekeluarga sekarang sudah berhenti membeli makanan yang ada whey selepas membuat penelitian dan pemerhatian. &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Inilah di antara perkara yang saya ingin berkongsi dengan rakan-rakan semua. Jika ada sesiapa yang mempunyai pandangan dan cadangan untuk kita berkongsi bersama, dipersilakan. Saya rasa kita perlu mengambil inisiatif untuk menghubungi produk makanan tertentu seperti coklat bagi mendapatkan kepastian daripada mereka.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Berikut adalah maklumat lanjut berkenaan rennet dan whey yang dipetik daripada Wikipedia.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Sekian dahulu, Wassalamualaikum.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h1 style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 23.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o&gt; &lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;h1 style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 23.5pt;" lang="DE"&gt;Rennet&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;&lt;o&gt; &lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Rennet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt; (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet"&gt;IPA pronunciation&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ipa1"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ipa1"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Ëˆ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ipa1"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;É¹É›&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ipa1"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ipa1"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Éª&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ipa1"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;t]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;) is a natural complex of enzymes produced in any mammalian stomach to digest the mother's milk. Rennet contains a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolytic" title="Proteolytic"&gt;proteolytic&lt;/a&gt; enzyme (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protease" title="Protease"&gt;protease&lt;/a&gt;) that coagulates the milk, causing it to separate into solids (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curds" title="Curds"&gt;curds&lt;/a&gt;) and liquid (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whey" title="Whey"&gt;whey&lt;/a&gt;). The active &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme"&gt;enzyme&lt;/a&gt; in rennet is called &lt;i&gt;rennin&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chymosin" title="Chymosin"&gt;chymosin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EC_number" title="EC number"&gt;EC&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.expasy.org/cgi-bin/nicezyme.pl?3.4.23.4" title="http://www.expasy.org/cgi-bin/nicezyme.pl?3.4.23.4"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 187);"&gt;3.4.23.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) but there are also other important enzymes in it, e.g., &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsin" title="Pepsin"&gt;pepsin&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipase" title="Lipase"&gt;lipase&lt;/a&gt;. There are non-animal sources for rennet substitutes.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" id="toc" border="1" cellpadding="0"&gt; &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; color: black;"&gt;Contents&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span class="toctoggle3"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black;"&gt;[&lt;a id="togglelink"&gt;hide&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; color: black;"&gt;&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/space.gif" alt="*" width="4" height="10" /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet#Uses"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber2"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;Uses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/space.gif" alt="*" width="4" height="10" /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet#Production_of_natural_calf_rennet"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber2"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;Production of natural calf rennet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Â§&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet#Traditional_method"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber2"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;2.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;Traditional method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Â§&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet#Modern_method"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber2"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;2.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;Modern method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/space.gif" alt="*" width="4" height="10" /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet#Alternative_coagulants"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber2"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;Alternative coagulants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Â§&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet#Vegetable_rennet"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber2"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;3.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;Vegetable rennet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Â§&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet#Microbial_rennet"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber2"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;3.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;Microbial rennet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Â§&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet#Genetically_engineered_rennet"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber2"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;3.3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;Genetically engineered rennet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Â§&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet#Acid_coagulation"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber2"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;3.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;Acid coagulation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/space.gif" alt="*" width="4" height="10" /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet#See_also"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber2"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/space.gif" alt="*" width="4" height="10" /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet#External_links"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber2"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;External links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/space.gif" alt="*" width="4" height="10" /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet#References"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber2"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 43, 184); text-decoration: none;"&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;a name="Uses" id="Uses"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="editsection7"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rennet&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Uses"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 19pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;Uses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;The chief use of rennet is in the making of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese"&gt;cheese&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curd" title="Curd"&gt;curd&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junket_%28dessert%29" title="Junket (dessert)"&gt;junket&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Chymosin&lt;/i&gt; reacts specifically with Îº-&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casein" title="Casein"&gt;casein&lt;/a&gt;, cleaving the protein between the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid"&gt;amino acids&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine"&gt;phenylalanine&lt;/a&gt;(105) and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methionine" title="Methionine"&gt;methionine&lt;/a&gt; (106), producing two fragments. The soluble fragment (residues 106-169), which becomes part of the whey, is known as glyco macro &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide" title="Peptide"&gt;peptide&lt;/a&gt; and contains the glycosylation sites for Îº-casein. The other component (residues 1-105) is insoluble, and in the presence of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt; ions causes the coagulation of the casein micelles to form a curd.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;a name="Production_of_natural_calf_rennet" id="Production_of_natural_calf_rennet"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="editsection7"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rennet&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Production of natural calf rennet"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 19pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;Production of natural calf rennet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Natural &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calf" title="Calf"&gt;calf&lt;/a&gt; rennet is extracted from the inner &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucosa" title="Mucosa"&gt;mucosa&lt;/a&gt; of the fourth stomach chamber (the abomasum) of young calves. These stomachs are a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By-product" title="By-product"&gt;by-product&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veal" title="Veal"&gt;veal&lt;/a&gt; production. If rennet is extracted from older calves (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass" title="Grass"&gt;grass&lt;/a&gt;-fed or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain" title="Grain"&gt;grain&lt;/a&gt;-fed) the rennet contains less or no chymosin but a high level of pepsin and can only be used for special types of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk" title="Milk"&gt;milk&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese"&gt;cheeses&lt;/a&gt;. As each &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruminant" title="Ruminant"&gt;ruminant&lt;/a&gt; produces a special kind of rennet to digest the milk of its own &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother" title="Mother"&gt;mother&lt;/a&gt;, there are milk-specific rennets available, such as kid-goat rennet especially for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goat" title="Goat"&gt;goat&lt;/a&gt;'s milk and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb" title="Lamb"&gt;lamb&lt;/a&gt;-rennet for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep"&gt;sheep&lt;/a&gt;-milk. Rennet or digestion enzymes from other animals, like swine-pepsin, are not used in cheese production. (Swine-pepsin is, however, used in the analysis of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disulfide_bond" title="Disulfide bond"&gt;disulfide bonds&lt;/a&gt; of proteins.)&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;a name="Traditional_method" id="Traditional_method"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="editsection8"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rennet&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Traditional method"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 16.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;Traditional method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Dried and cleaned stomachs of young calves are sliced into small pieces and then put into saltwater or whey, together with some &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar"&gt;vinegar&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine" title="Wine"&gt;wine&lt;/a&gt; to lower the pH of the solution. After some time, (overnight or several days) the solution is filtered. The crude rennet that remains in the filtered solution can then be used to coagulate milk. About 1 gram of this solution can normally coagulate 2000 to 4000 &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram"&gt;grams&lt;/a&gt; of milk.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Today this method is used only by traditional cheese-makers in central &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"&gt;Europe&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"&gt;Switzerland&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jura_%28d%C3%A9partement%29" title="Jura (dÃ©partement)"&gt;Jura&lt;/a&gt;, France, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"&gt;Romania&lt;/a&gt; and Alp-Sennereien in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"&gt;Austria&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;a name="Modern_method" id="Modern_method"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="editsection8"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rennet&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Modern method"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 16.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;Modern method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Deep-frozen stomachs are milled and put into an enzyme-extracting solution. The crude rennet extract is then activated by adding &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid" title="Acid"&gt;acid&lt;/a&gt; â€“ the enzymes in the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach"&gt;stomach&lt;/a&gt; are produced in an inactive pre-form and are activated by the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach_acid" title="Stomach acid"&gt;stomach acid&lt;/a&gt;. After &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralisation" title="Neutralisation"&gt;neutralisation&lt;/a&gt; of the acid, the rennet extract is filtered in several stages and concentrated until reaching the required potency: about 1:15000 (1 kg of rennet would have the ability to coagulate 15000 &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litre" title="Litre"&gt;litres&lt;/a&gt; of milk).&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;In 1 kg of rennet extract there are about 0.7 &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram"&gt;grams&lt;/a&gt; of active enzymes and no other organic material â€“ the rest is water and salt and sometimes &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_benzoate" title="Sodium benzoate"&gt;sodium benzoate&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E211" title="E211"&gt;E211&lt;/a&gt;, 0.5% - 1% for preservation. Typically, 1 kg of cheese contains about 0.0003 grams of rennet enzymes.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;a name="Alternative_coagulants" id="Alternative_coagulants"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="editsection7"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rennet&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Alternative coagulants"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 19pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;Alternative coagulants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Because of the limited availability of proper stomachs for rennet production, cheesemakers have always looked for other ways to coagulate the milk. Artificial coagulants are a useful alternative, especially for cheap or lower-quality cheeses.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;As the proper coagulation is done by enzymatic activity, the task was to find enzymes for cleaving the casein that would result in taste and texture similar to what animal-based rennet produces.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;a name="Vegetable_rennet" id="Vegetable_rennet"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="editsection8"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rennet&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Vegetable rennet"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 16.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;Vegetable rennet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Many plants have coagulating properties. Some examples include &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig_tree" title="Fig tree"&gt;fig tree&lt;/a&gt; bark, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettles" title="Nettles"&gt;nettles&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle" title="Thistle"&gt;thistles&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallow" title="Mallow"&gt;mallow&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creeping_Charlie" title="Creeping Charlie"&gt;Creeping Charlie&lt;/a&gt;. Rennet from thistle or &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara" title="Cynara"&gt;cynara&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; is used in some traditional cheese production in the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean" title="Mediterranean"&gt;Mediterranean&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;These real vegetable rennets are also suitable for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarian" title="Vegetarian"&gt;vegetarians&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable"&gt;Vegetable&lt;/a&gt; rennet might be used in the production of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosher_foods" title="Kosher foods"&gt;kosher&lt;/a&gt; cheeses but nearly all kosher cheeses are produced with either microbial rennet or GM rennet. Worldwide, there is no industrial production for vegetable rennet. Commercial so-called vegetable rennets usually contain rennet from the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mold" title="Mold"&gt;mold&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;Mucor miehei&lt;/i&gt; - see microbial rennet below.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;a name="Microbial_rennet" id="Microbial_rennet"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="editsection8"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rennet&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Microbial rennet"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 16.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;Microbial rennet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Some &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molds" title="Molds"&gt;molds&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;i&gt;Rhizomucor miehei&lt;/i&gt; are able to produce proteolytic enzymes. These molds are produced in a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermenter" title="Fermenter"&gt;fermenter&lt;/a&gt; and then especially concentrated and purified to avoid contamination with unpleasant side products of the mold growth. At the present state of scientific research, governmental food safety organizations such as the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EFSA" title="EFSA"&gt;EFSA&lt;/a&gt; deny QPS (Qualified Presumption of Safety) status to enzymes produced especially by these &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mold" title="Mold"&gt;molds&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;The flavor and taste of cheeses produced with microbial rennets tend towards some bitterness, especially after longer maturation periods.&lt;sup id="_ref-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet#_note-0" title=""&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; These so-called "microbial rennets" are suitable for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarian" title="Vegetarian"&gt;vegetarians&lt;/a&gt;, provided no animal-based alimentation was used during the production.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;a name="Genetically_engineered_rennet" id="Genetically_engineered_rennet"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="editsection8"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rennet&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Genetically engineered rennet"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 16.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;Genetically engineered rennet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Because of the above imperfections of microbial rennets, some producers sought further replacements of natural rennet. With the development of genetic engineering, it suddenly became possible to use calf-genes to modify some &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus"&gt;fungus&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast"&gt;yeast&lt;/a&gt; to make them produce &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chymosin" title="Chymosin"&gt;Chymosin&lt;/a&gt;. Chymosin produced by genetically modified organisms was the first artificially produced enzyme to be registered and allowed by the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDA" title="FDA"&gt;FDA&lt;/a&gt; in the USA. In &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999" title="1999"&gt;1999&lt;/a&gt;, about 60% of U.S. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hard_cheese&amp;amp;action=edit" title="Hard cheese"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 34, 0);"&gt;hard cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; was made with genetically engineered Chymosin.&lt;sup id="_ref-60.25_0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet#_note-60.25" title=""&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Today the most widely-used genetic rennet is produced by the fungus &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_niger" title="Aspergillus niger"&gt;Aspergillus niger&lt;/a&gt;. The problems of destroying the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxins" title="Aflatoxins"&gt;aflatoxins&lt;/a&gt; or the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_resistant" title="Antibiotic resistant"&gt;antibiotic resistant&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marker_gene" title="Marker gene"&gt;marker genes&lt;/a&gt; seem to be solved.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Cheese production with genetic rennet is similar to production with natural calf rennet. Genetic rennet contains only one of the known main chymosin types â€“ either type A or type B. Other chymosin types found in natural rennet do not exist in genetic rennet. This is also the reason why special analysis can determine what kind of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulant" title="Coagulant"&gt;coagulant&lt;/a&gt; has been used by analyzing what bonds have and haven't been cleaved.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Often a mixture of genetic Chymosin and natural pepsin is used to imitate the complexity of natural rennet and to get the same results in coagulation and in development of flavour and taste.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;The so-called "GM rennets" are suitable for vegetarians if there was no animal based alimentation used during the production in the fermenter -- but only for vegetarians who are not opposed to GM-derived foods.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;a name="Acid_coagulation" id="Acid_coagulation"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="editsection8"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rennet&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Acid coagulation"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 16.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;Acid coagulation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.5pt; color: black;" lang="EN"&gt;Milk can also be coagulated by adding some &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid" title="Acid"&gt;acid&lt;/a&gt;, e.g. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric_acid" title="Citric acid"&gt;citric acid&lt;/a&gt;. This form of coagulation is sometimes used in cheap &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozzarella" title="Mozzarella"&gt;mozzarella&lt;/a&gt; production without maturation of the cheese. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer"&gt;Paneer&lt;/a&gt; is also made this way. The acidification can also come from bacterial fermentation such as in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultured_milk" title="Cultured milk"&gt;cultured milk&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;&lt;o&gt; &lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6774483871124600788-8198219187987448609?l=ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/feeds/8198219187987448609/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/2009/07/syubhah-dalam-makanan.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default/8198219187987448609'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default/8198219187987448609'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/2009/07/syubhah-dalam-makanan.html' title='Syubhah dalam Makanan'/><author><name>Jalinan Persaudaraan Di German</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09989955500873394151</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6774483871124600788.post-6669677432925406036</id><published>2009-07-18T07:30:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-18T07:32:51.345-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fiqh'/><title type='text'>Beli cili ada botol arak dalam tempat simpanan yang sama</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;Soalan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;assalamualaikum brüder,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;saya ade kemusykilan..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2)td nk beli cili kt asia shop..tup2..tgk dlm peti sejuk tempat simpan cili ade botol beer..apekah hukum membeli cili itu?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;arap2 ustaz dan rakan2 dpt membantu..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;berjuang dan terus berjuang..syahid cita2 kami..ameen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawapan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:11;" &gt;&lt;span&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7;"  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:11;" &gt;Dalam persoalan makanan mentah yang diletakkan bersama dengan makanan haram di kedai, kalau boleh seeloknya kita mengelakkan dari membeli makanan yang diletakkan bersama dengan makanan yang haram.  Ini untuk mengelakkan dari memakan makanan yang syubhah iaitu yang samar antara halal dan haram. Kita takut cecair beer dari botol tertumpah meresap ke dalam makanan mentah yang kita beli.  Jika makanan mentah yang kita beli dibungkus kemas dengan plastik dan diletakkan berjauhan dari botol beer dalam sebuat peti sejuk, bagi saya tidak masalah untuk kita beli makanan mentah tersebut, Cuma sebaik baiknya perlu dielakkan. Wallahua’lam&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:11;" &gt;&lt;o&gt; &lt;/o&gt;Wassalam.&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:11;" &gt;&lt;o&gt;-Abu Ahmad-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6774483871124600788-6669677432925406036?l=ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/feeds/6669677432925406036/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/2009/07/soalan-assalamualaikum-bruder-saya-ade.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default/6669677432925406036'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default/6669677432925406036'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/2009/07/soalan-assalamualaikum-bruder-saya-ade.html' title='Beli cili ada botol arak dalam tempat simpanan yang sama'/><author><name>Jalinan Persaudaraan Di German</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09989955500873394151</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6774483871124600788.post-5945315791432314021</id><published>2009-07-18T07:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-18T07:30:18.389-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fiqh ibadat solat'/><title type='text'>Terlambat solat zuhur</title><content type='html'>Soalan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;assalamualaikum brüder,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;saya ade kemusykilan..&lt;br /&gt;1)td ms balik dr practical,saya sembahyang zuhur tp dlm keadaan kelam kabut iaitu satu minit lg nk abes waktu..tp saya sempat la angkat takbir n baca fatihah pastu azan asar dh berkumandang..adakah makruh atau pun x leh?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawapan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"&gt;Waalaikumussalam&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"&gt;&lt;o&gt; &lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"&gt;&lt;span&gt;1.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"&gt;Kita dibolehkan untuk menghimpunkan solat Zuhur dan Asar di mana kita menunaikan solat Zuhur di akhir waktu di mana selesai sahaja menunaikan solat Zuhur terus masuk waktu Asar dan kita terus menunaikan solat Asar. Amalan ini pernah dilakukan oleh Rasulullah S.A.W.. Solat Jama’ cara ini dipanggil solat jama’ Soury dan bukannya jama’ hakiki yang biasa kita lalukan ketika musafir. Kita diharuskan melakukan jama’ Soury antara solat Zuhur dan Asar dan antara Maghrib dan Isyaak. Cuma menurut pandangan para ulama’, amalan ini janganlah menjadi kebiasaan kepada kita. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Wallahua'lam&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;-Abu Ahmad-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6774483871124600788-5945315791432314021?l=ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/feeds/5945315791432314021/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/2009/07/terlambat-solat-zuhur.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default/5945315791432314021'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default/5945315791432314021'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/2009/07/terlambat-solat-zuhur.html' title='Terlambat solat zuhur'/><author><name>Jalinan Persaudaraan Di German</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09989955500873394151</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6774483871124600788.post-2950731292124269630</id><published>2009-07-18T07:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-18T07:26:36.541-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Tips'/><title type='text'>Tips Belajar Diplom dan Bachelor di Germany</title><content type='html'>Assalamualaikum w.b.t&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;terima kasih kepada abang sharfi kerana mencetuskan idea yang diharap dapat dimanfaatkan bersama ni. Pertama sekali saya rasa saya bukanlah layak untuk memberi nasihat kepada orang lain memandangkan ilmu dan pengalaman yang ada ni kecil sahaja. Namun saya cuba juga untuk berkongsi tips yang saya rasa memang berguna lebih2 lagi kalau menuntut ilmu di Jerman.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Antara tips2 yang terlintas di fikiran saya ialah seperti :-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Carilah seramai rakan yang boleh tak kira di kalangan apa bangsa sekalipun. Ini dapat memperbaiki cara komunikasi terutamanya di dalam bahasa Jerman. Secara lojiknya, lebih tinggi penguaaan bahasa pembelajaran (Jerman), lebih mudah juga untuk faham dalam pelajaran.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Rajin2kan diri bertanya terus dengan prof ataupun dengan kawan2 jika ada sebarang kemusykilan tentang pelajaran. Jika dibiarkan saja,  ia selalunya membawa kepada masalah yang lebih besar apabila berada di kelas seterusnya. Jadi, kena la beranikan diri untuk betanya jika tak mahu rugi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Elakkan sikap belajar "last minute". Memang sangat jauh berbeza tahap pemahaman jika mengulangkaji setiap kali selepas habis kelas berbanding hanya belajar sekaligus beberapa hari sebelum menjelang peperiksaan. Ulangkajilah sekurang2nya 10 minit pun tak mengapa setiap kali daripada tak buat langsung. Kesannya amatlah besar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Kikiskan perasaan rendah diri tak bertempat yang selalu membuatkan perasaan tidak yakin pada kemampuan diri sendiri. Kadang2 rasa tidak yakin untuk ambil peperiksaan juga datang sejak dari awal2 semester lagi. Tapi selalunya perasaan tidak yakin itu hilang dengan sendiri berkadaran dengan masa kerana semakin hari, semakin banyak yang kita faham.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Tanamkan sikap "Belajar sebab nak tahu", dan bukan "Belajar sebab nak periksa". Barulah rasa seronok tu wujud dengan sendirinya. Tanya dalam diri kenapa begini dan begitu. Kemudian baca nota sambil mencari jawapan persolan2 tadi. Barulah tak rasa mengantuk dan bosan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Berbincang bersama2 kawan tentang nota dan latihan yang diberikan prof. Setiap orang ada kelebihan sendiri dalam subjek2 tertentu berbanding orang lain. Kepada yang bertanya, dia akan dapat belajar ; dan kepada yang menjawab pula, dia bukan sahaja mengajar orang lain tetapi dapat menjadi lebih faham selain dapat menguatkan ingatan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Ilmu ni milik mutlak Allah. Jadi kalau nakkan ilmu, kena la mintak pada tuannya. Jadi, usaha kita dah tentu lagi cantik bila diiringi doa dan tawakkal. Mungkin nampak remeh tetapi percayalah sebenanya tak !!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ini sahaja buat setakat ini. Saya pun  mencari2 tips yang boleh digunapakai yang ada daripadanya saya agak lambat sedari dan praktikkan. InsyaAllah mungkin ade sesiapa boleh nak tambah atau perbetulkan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sekadar memberi pendapat...dan dengan ilmu yang amat sedikit ini juga semoga dapat memberi manfaat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;yang masih dan selalu belajar,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;syamsul&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6774483871124600788-2950731292124269630?l=ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/feeds/2950731292124269630/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/2009/07/tips-belajar-diplom-dan-bachelor-di.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default/2950731292124269630'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default/2950731292124269630'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/2009/07/tips-belajar-diplom-dan-bachelor-di.html' title='Tips Belajar Diplom dan Bachelor di Germany'/><author><name>Jalinan Persaudaraan Di German</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09989955500873394151</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6774483871124600788.post-3221969690418598462</id><published>2009-07-18T07:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-18T07:22:18.637-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='niat'/><title type='text'>Persoalan niat</title><content type='html'>&lt;div   style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:times new roman,new york,times,serif;font-size:14pt;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;Soalan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;assalamualaikum brüder,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ana ade kemusykilan ttg solat..if ana pd mulanye nak sembahyang jamak ta'adim maghrib n isyak..tp ana terlupa nk niat masa sembahyang maghrib..bila nk smayang jamak isya,br terigt..cm ne ye?sah x?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawapan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:11;"  lang="DE"&gt;Waalaikumussalam&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:11;"  lang="DE"&gt;&lt;o&gt;&lt;/o&gt;Apabila kita nak tunaikan solat jama’ sama ada  taqdim atau taakhir, kita tidak perlu untuk niat jama‘  semasa solat fardhu yang pertama seperti solat maghrib. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:11;" &gt;Cukup dengan kita berniat untuk melakukannya solat jama‘  sebelum kita memulakan solat jama‘ tersebut.  &lt;o&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/o&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);font-size:11;" &gt;Wallahua’lam&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;Abu Ahmad- &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6774483871124600788-3221969690418598462?l=ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/feeds/3221969690418598462/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/2009/07/soalan-assalamualaikum-bruder-ana-ade.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default/3221969690418598462'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default/3221969690418598462'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/2009/07/soalan-assalamualaikum-bruder-ana-ade.html' title='Persoalan niat'/><author><name>Jalinan Persaudaraan Di German</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09989955500873394151</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6774483871124600788.post-5304821826823646688</id><published>2009-07-18T07:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-18T07:08:57.402-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fiqh'/><title type='text'>Kenduri Arwah</title><content type='html'>Soalan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Salam,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kepada semua ahli usrah ipmj, saya memohon maaf sekiranya tidak dapat menjawab&lt;br /&gt;soalan (ataupun jawapannya silap) ketika usrah ahad lepas dengan dalil dan&lt;br /&gt;rujukan yang sahih. Oleh itu mungkin kita boleh mendapatkan penjelasan ustaz&lt;br /&gt;untuk merungkaikan persoalan ini dengan lebih terperinci.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Usrah ahad lepas ahli ada bertanyakan berkenaan dengan hukum:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Kenduri Arwah (acara tahunan)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Harap ustaz dapat jelaskan mungkin saya tersilap jawab ataupun tidak jelas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jzkk.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawapan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oleh: Ust. Khairul Azmi Ismail&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KENDURI ARWAH.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Disini saya cuba menampilkan pandangan ulama' berkaitan masalah ini. Ini kerana&lt;br /&gt;masalah ini sering dibincangkan dan tidak kurang juga berlakunya perbalahan&lt;br /&gt;disebabkan masalah ini.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Berkata Syeikh Abdul Qadir Isa di dalam kitabnya `Al-Mizan Al-`Aadil':&lt;br /&gt;"Sesungguhnya di dalam masalah jamuan selepas kematian, para ulama ada dua&lt;br /&gt;pandangan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pandangan pertama.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sebahagiannya berpendapat makruh bagi keluarga si mati menyediakan makanan utk&lt;br /&gt;org ramai, dan ada yang mengharamkannya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalil-dalil mereka.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalil pertama.&lt;br /&gt;Imam Ahmad, Ibnu Majah meriwayatkan dengan sanad yg sohih dari Jarir bin&lt;br /&gt;Abdillah katanya: "Kami menganggap perhimpunan dengan keluarga si mati dan&lt;br /&gt;menyediakan makanan termasuk di dalam `Niyahah' (ratapan yg dilarang)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Berdasarkan ini ulama Hanafiyyah berkata : "Makruh menyediakan makanan pada hari&lt;br /&gt;pertama, kedua ketiga dan selepas seminggu (dari kematian) (Lihat Hasyiah Ibnu&lt;br /&gt;Abidin Jld 2 MS 240)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalil kedua.&lt;br /&gt;Imam At-Tirmizi, Al-Hakim dan lain-lain meriwayatkan bahawa Nabi SAW bersabda&lt;br /&gt;(ketika kematian Ja'far) :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;اصْنَعُوا&lt;br /&gt;لِأَلِ&lt;br /&gt;جَعْفَرَ&lt;br /&gt;طَعاماً&lt;br /&gt;فَقَدْ&lt;br /&gt;جاءَهُم ما&lt;br /&gt;يُشْغِلُهُم&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Maksudnya : " sediakanlah makanan kepada keluarga Ja'far , sesungguhnya telah&lt;br /&gt;datang kepada mereka apa yg menyibukkan mereka (musibah)&lt;br /&gt;Hadis ini dihukum Hasan oleh At-Tirmizi dan sohih menurut Hakim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mereka berkata: "Sesungguhnya (menurut) sunnah ialah jiran si mati atau&lt;br /&gt;keluarganya yg jauh dengan si mati menyediakan makanan kepada keluarga si mati&lt;br /&gt;pada hari dan malam tersebut". Inilah pandangan jumhur ahli feqh termasuk&lt;br /&gt;ulama'-ulama dalam mazhab empat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pendapat kedua.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ada sebahagian ulama lain berpendapat harus bagi keluarga manyediakan makanan&lt;br /&gt;(kpd org ramai) walaupun pada hari pertama kematian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalil-dalil mereka:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalil pertama.&lt;br /&gt;Imam Ahmad bin Mani' meriwayatkan di dalam musnadnya dari Al-Ahnaf bin Qais&lt;br /&gt;katanya : "Ketika Sayyidina Umar ditikam , dia menyuruh Suhaib mengimamkan&lt;br /&gt;sembahyang tiga hari dan dia menyuruh supaya disediakan makanan kepada orang&lt;br /&gt;ramai (iaitu selepas kematiannya)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kata Ibnu Hajar Al-Asqallani: Sanadnya Hasan. (Matholib Aliyah jld 1 ms 199, No&lt;br /&gt;hadis 709)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalil kedua.&lt;br /&gt;Imam Ahmad meriwayatkan di dalam `Az-zuhd' dari Thowus (seorang ulama tabien)&lt;br /&gt;katanya: "sesungguhnya orang yg telah mati menghadapi fitnah kubur selama tujuh&lt;br /&gt;hari, dan mereka (sahabat atau tabien) menyukai makanan disediakan pada hari&lt;br /&gt;tersebut utk mereka (si mati dengan di niatkan pahala sedekah kepadanya)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ibnu Hajar berkata : "Sanadnya kuat". (Matholib Aliyah no hadis 710)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tarjih Syeikh Abdul Qadir Isa:&lt;br /&gt;" Walaupun dalil pendapat kedua sahih tetapi tidak dapat menandingi dalil-dalil&lt;br /&gt;pendapat pertama. Dengan ini aku mentarjihkan (menguatkan dan menyaokong) bahawa&lt;br /&gt;perbuatan tersebut adalah makruh." (Al-Mizan Al-Aadil ms 69-70)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Syeikh Al-Hafiz Abdullah Siddiq Al-Ghumari pula mentarjihkan bahawa hukumnya&lt;br /&gt;adalah harus. Di antara hujjahnya ialah penyediaan makanan tersebut samalah&lt;br /&gt;seperti memberi upah dalam tugas-tugas keagamaan seperti membaca Al-Quran,&lt;br /&gt;menjadi imam dan lain-lain (Lihat Itqanus Shon'ah fi Tahqiq Ma'na Al-Bidah&lt;br /&gt;(terjemahan Us Mahfuz Muhammad Ms 93)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Syekh Abdul Halim Mahmud (mantan Syeikh Azhar) pula menegaskan bahawa perbuatan&lt;br /&gt;tersebut adalah `khilaful aula' (iaitu lebih baik ditinggalkan tetapi tidak&lt;br /&gt;sampai ke tahap makruh ataupun haram) (Lihat Fatawa Syeikh Abdul Halim Mahmud&lt;br /&gt;jil 2 ms 272)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kesimpulan.&lt;br /&gt;1) Masalah ini masih boleh dikatogerikan dalam masalah khilafiyyah. Dalil-dalil&lt;br /&gt;yg dikemukakan masih ada ruang untuk dimunaqasyahkankan (diperdebatkan), (saya&lt;br /&gt;tidak mahu memanjangkan lagi munaqasyah kerana khilaf yg seperti ini mungkin&lt;br /&gt;tiada kesudahan). Ia bukanlah satu dalil yang `qat'iyyut thubut' dan `qatiyyud&lt;br /&gt;dalalah' (dalil yg benar-benar putus), dan oleh itu pintu ijtihad masih ada, dan&lt;br /&gt;perbezaan ijtihad adalah perkara yg dibenarkan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2) Hukum dalam masalah ini berlegar di antara haram atau bidah, makruh dan&lt;br /&gt;harus. Tidak ada ulama yg menghukumnya wajib seperti sangkaan sebahagian&lt;br /&gt;masyarakat. Ini semua adalah hukum yg `Zonni' bukannya `Qat'ie' yg tidak perlu&lt;br /&gt;dijadikan perbalahan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3) Masalah menghadiahkan bacaan kepada si mati adala masalah yg lain. Kebanyakan&lt;br /&gt;ulama mengharuskannya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wallahua'lam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ust Khairul Azmi&lt;br /&gt;12 nov 2008.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rujukan&lt;br /&gt;1. Al-Matholib Aliyah, Ibnu Hajar Al-Asqallani, Tahqiq Syeikh `Aazhomi.&lt;br /&gt;2. Al-Fiqh Al-Islami, Dr Wahbah Zuhaili&lt;br /&gt;3. Fatawa Syekh Abdul Halim Mahmud.&lt;br /&gt;4. Al-Mizanul Aadil, Syeikh Abdul Qadir Isa.&lt;br /&gt;5. Itqanus Shon'ah fi Tahqiq ma'na Al-Bid'ah, Syeikh Abdullah Al-Ghumari&lt;br /&gt;6. Al Bidah fi Al-Mafhum Al-Islamy Ad Daqiq, Dr Abdul malik Sa'diy&lt;br /&gt;7. dll.&lt;br /&gt;Posted by Nama: Khairul Azmi Ismail at 8:41 PM 0 comments&lt;br /&gt;Labels: BIDAH, FATWA DAN HUKUM, HADIS, KHILAFIYYAH&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6774483871124600788-5304821826823646688?l=ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/feeds/5304821826823646688/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/2009/07/soalan-salam-kepada-semua-ahli-usrah.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default/5304821826823646688'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6774483871124600788/posts/default/5304821826823646688'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ukhuwahjerman.blogspot.com/2009/07/soalan-salam-kepada-semua-ahli-usrah.html' title='Kenduri Arwah'/><author><name>Jalinan Persaudaraan Di German</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09989955500873394151</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
